Unraveling the power and influence of language

A choice was made to include each word in this sentence. Every message, even the most mundane, is crafted with a specific frame in mind that impacts how the message is perceived. The study of framing effects is a multidisciplinary line of research that investigates when, how, and why language influences those who receive a message and how it impacts their response.

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Robot rehabilitation can offer optimal post-stroke treatment

A research team developed a system that automatically recommends the optimal rehabilitation program based on a simple test to check the severity of motor paralysis after a stroke.

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Discovery provides hope in fighting drug-resistant malaria

Researchers may have found a new target in fighting malaria -- a cholesterol-managing protein called PfNCR1.

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Brain inflammation alters behavior according to sex, mouse study finds

Inflammation in the hippocampus -- the brain's memory center -- significantly alters motivation and behavior in mice, according to new research.

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Nature's instructions: How fungi make a key medicinal molecule

Researchers have decoded the genetic blueprint of Penicillium citrinum, a common citrus mold, to uncover how nature produces cyclopentachromone -- a key building block for bioactive compounds with potential in cancer and inflammation treatments. The team identified a previously unknown enzyme, IscL, that creates a highly reactive sulfur-containing intermediate, offering new insights into fungal chemistry. This discovery could pave the way for novel pharmaceuticals by harnessing nature's molecular tools.

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Study shows drop in use of antiviral medications in young children with influenza

Despite national medical guidelines supporting the use of antiviral medications in young children diagnosed with influenza, a recent study reports an underuse of the treatment.

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Study finds lower rates of death from Alzheimer's disease among taxi and ambulance drivers

A new study raises the possibility that jobs that require frequent spatial processing -- such as figuring out a taxi route or the best way to navigate to a hospital -- could lead to lower rates of death from Alzheimer's disease. Researchers investigated this possibility by using national data on the occupations of people who had died to evaluate risk of death from Alzheimer's disease across 443 professions. They found that taxi driving and ambulance driving were associated with a lower rate of death from Alzheimer's disease compared to other professions.

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Elucidating the neural mechanisms of stress-induced cardiovascular responses

The lateral habenula is a brain region associated with behavioral changes and autonomic responses during psychological stress. Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have identified the involvement of the dopaminergic system in the cardiovascular responses triggered by neuronal excitation in the lateral habenula. They further determined that the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, which is the origin of dopamine neurons, plays a mediating role in this response.

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Problems developed faster among gamers who started early

People who started playing video games at an early school age developed problematic gaming more quickly compared to those who started playing a few years later.

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Porous crystals detect nitric oxide

Detection of nitric oxide (NO) is important for monitoring air quality because the NO released in the combustion of fossil fuels contributes to acid rain and smog. In medicine, NO is an important messenger molecule and serves as a biomarker for asthma. A research team reports a material that can detect NO reversibly, with low power, and with high sensitivity and selectivity: a copper-containing, electrically conducting, two-dimensional metal--organic framework.

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Mothers bear the brunt of the 'mental load,' managing 7 in 10 household tasks

The study, conducted in the US, found that mothers take on seven in ten (71%) of all household mental load tasks.

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Air pollution in India linked to millions of deaths

A new study shows that long-term exposure to air pollution contributes to millions of deaths in India. The research emphasizes the need for stricter air quality regulations in the country.

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Your immune cells are what they eat

Scientists have discovered that our specialized immune cells, called T cells, are what they eat -- their switch from functional to 'exhausted' depends on the switch from metabolizing acetate to metabolizing citrate. The findings link what T cells 'eat' and whether those T cells can continue fighting cancer or chronic diseases like HIV. With the new insight, scientists can optimize immunotherapy for patients by targeting the nutrients and enzymes involved in making and maintaining active, disease-fighting immune cells.

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Adoption of AI calls for new kind of communication competence from sales managers

Artificial intelligence, AI, is rapidly transforming work also in the financial sector. A recent study explored how integrating AI into the work of sales teams affects the interpersonal communication competence required of sales managers. The study found that handing routine tasks over to AI improved efficiency and freed up sales managers' time for more complex tasks. However, as the integration of AI progressed, sales managers faced new kind of communication challenges, including those related to overcoming fears and resistance to change.

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Online training could help older adults communicate in noisy environments

Online training that helps people recognize and understand new voices could be key to helping older adults improve communication in everyday environments, finds new research.

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Unlocking worm strategies: A path to innovative vaccines and therapies

A research team has uncovered a molecular strategy employed by worm parasites (helminths) to evade host immune defenses. This discovery opens new avenues for the development of innovative vaccines and therapies. The study offers promising solutions for addressing major infectious diseases, allergies, and asthma by leveraging the unique immune-regulatory properties of helminths.

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Readers trust news less when AI is involved, even when they don't understand to what extent

Researchers have published two studies in which they surveyed readers on their thoughts about AI in journalism. When provided a sample of bylines stating AI was involved in producing news in some way or not at all, readers regularly stated they trusted the credibility of the news less if AI had a role. Even when they didn't understand exactly what AI contributed, they reported less trust and that 'humanness' was an important factor in producing reliable news.

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Loneliness and isolation: Back to pre-pandemic levels, but still high, for older adults

Loneliness and isolation among older Americans have mostly returned to pre-pandemic rates, but that still means more than one third of people age 50 to 80 feel lonely, and nearly as many feel isolated, a new national study shows.

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Could online technology be a clue as to why boys in Norway are outperforming girls in learning English as a second language?

Bucking conventionality, boys in Norway are making early gains in reading English as a second language and even outperforming girls at age 10 and 13 -- a new a study of more than one million students suggests.

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Network-based analyses uncover how neuroinflammation-causing microglia in Alzheimer's disease form

Researchers have unraveled how immune cells called microglia can transform and drive harmful processes like neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The study also integrates drug databases with real-world patient data to identify FDA-approved drugs that may be repurposed to target disease-associated microglia in Alzheimer's disease without affecting the healthy type.

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High heat is preferentially killing the young, not the old, new research finds

Many recent studies assume that elderly people are at particular risk of dying from extreme heat as the planet warms. A new study of mortality in Mexico turns this assumption on its head: it shows that 75% of heat-related deaths are occurring among people under 35 -- a large percentage of them ages 18 to 35, or the very group that one might expect to be most resistant to heat.

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New research on chronic inflammation explores potential treatments for chronic diseases and cancer

A recently published study on a new approach to understanding chronic inflammation could lead to new advancements in the treatment of many debilitating medical conditions, including cancer.

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New insights on preventing brain injury after cardiac arrest

Researchers uncovered a population of cells that may provide protection from brain injury following cardiac arrest, leading them to examine a drug that can activate these cells to improve neurological outcomes.

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How dementia affects the brain's ability to empathize

Patients with frontotemporal dementia often lack the ability to empathize. A study has now shown that these patients do not show the same brain activity as healthy individuals when they witness the pain of others, a finding that it is hoped will increase understanding of this specific dementia disease.

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An inflatable gastric balloon could help people lose weight

Engineers designed a new type of gastric balloon that can be inflated and deflated as needed. It could offer an alternative for people who don't want to undergo more invasive treatments such as gastric bypass surgery, or people who don't respond well to weight-loss drugs.

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Researchers design novel immunotherapy for brain cancer

Scientists created a new therapeutic design for glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer. The lab engineered molecules called trispecifics that connect cancer-killing T cells with not just one but two different brain cancer receptors.

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Gluing treatment to cancer

Treatment for more advanced and difficult-to-treat head and neck cancers can be improved with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the same ingredient used in children's glue. Researchers found that combining PVA with a boron-containing compound, D-BPA, improved the effects of a type of radiation therapy for cancer, compared to currently clinically used drugs. The PVA made the drug more selective of tumor cells and prolonged drug retention, helping to spare healthy cells from unnecessary radiation damage.

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Hidden fat predicts Alzheimer's 20 years ahead of symptoms

Researchers have linked a specific type of body fat to the abnormal proteins in the brain that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease up to 20 years before the earliest symptoms of dementia appear, according to a new study. The researchers emphasized that lifestyle modifications targeted at reducing this fat could influence the development of Alzheimer's disease.

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Common heart drug may slow progression of Huntington's disease

Beta-blocker drugs -- commonly used to treat heart and blood pressure issues -- may slow the progression of Huntington's disease (HD), according to a new study.

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Ketone bodies: More than energy, they are powerful signaling metabolites that clean up damaged proteins

Ketone bodies are not just about energy. These metabolites are powerful signaling molecules that have profound effects on the proteome and protein quality control in the brain. Scientists, working in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and aging, and in the nematode C. elegans, reveal the ketone body -hydroxybutyrate interacts directly with misfolded proteins, altering their solubility and structure so they can be cleared from the brain through the process of autophagy. The work hints at a tantalizing possibility -- ketone bodies as a global treatment to restore the integrity of the proteome, addressing one of the key hallmarks of aging.

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Mouse study captures aging process at the cellular level

As muscles age, their cells lose the ability to regenerate and heal after injury. Now, researchers have created the most comprehensive portrait to date of how that change, in mice, unfolds over time.

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Fine particulate air pollution may play a role in adverse birth outcomes

For pregnant women, exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) was associated with altered immune responses that can lead to adverse birth outcomes, according to a new study. The study is among the first to examine the relationship between PM2.5 and maternal and fetal health on a single-cell level and highlights the health risk of PM2.5 exposure for pregnant women.

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Smallest walking robot makes microscale measurements

Researchers have created the smallest walking robot yet. Its mission: to be tiny enough to interact with waves of visible light and still move independently, so that it can maneuver to specific locations -- in a tissue sample, for instance -- to take images and measure forces at the scale of some of the body's smallest structures.

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Understanding the brain's resilience: Unravelling the mysteries of neuronal degeneration

Each brain is unique, not only in its connections but also in the molecular composition of its neurons, particularly ion channels. Despite their variability, the brain functions reliably -- a paradox known as 'neuronal degeneration' (distinct from pathological degeneration). Researchers used mathematical tools to uncover two distinct mechanisms enabling this robustness. These mechanisms ensure reliable neuromodulation, even with variations in ion channels, offering insights into how the brain adapts its activity to internal and external signals.

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